
What is order-to-cash (O2C)?
By Qvalia | Updated September 2026
Order-to-cash (O2C) is the end-to-end process a business follows from the moment a customer places an order to the moment payment is received, covering order management, credit checks, fulfillment, shipping, invoicing, accounts receivable, payment collection, and reporting.
Your sales team has worked hard to find new clients and convince them that your solutions are ideal for their circumstances. When it comes time to order, the last thing you want is for a frustrating transaction experience to muddle an otherwise sure-fire sale.

When it comes to high-volume business-to-business (B2B) transactions, there’s a lot at stake. Having a formal and well-planned out process for B2B payments is paramount to improving your customer experience and encouraging long-time partners to continue working with you.
Improving your sales in B2B commerce is all about simplifying the customer experience, as there are many roadblocks and speed bumps along the way that you have a chance to smooth out. Customers not only have to choose the right products and services that will give them value for their money but also have to work through purchase orders, invoices, and other documentation during the ordering process. Other steps like the use of credit cards add to the cost of the process and come with extra bureaucratic burden to work through, for you and your customers.
For this reason, the finance sector has a name for all the order processing a business handles: the order-to-cash (O2C) process.
In this guide, we’ll explore what the O2C process is, why it matters, and its key components.
Order-to-cash ist eine Teilmenge Ihres gesamten Verkaufsprozesses. Wenn ein Kunde eine Bestellung aufgibt, führen Sie diese Aktionen durch, um die Waren oder Dienstleistungen zu liefern und die Zahlung zu erhalten.
A common mistake online retailers make is treating business clients as if they were consumers. Companies make up a large part of the consumer base and have unique needs that should be addressed in O2C. B2B and B2C transactions differ in several ways:
1. Purchasing options
Sales and discounts notwithstanding, most B2C transactions occur on a single pricing tier, whereas B2B payments are more varied. You might have a basic package for smaller businesses and a professional one for larger enterprises.
2. Client-facing interface
The B2B e-commerce website usually looks like an account dashboard intended to inform so that clients can quickly compare options and make decisions. The website for a B2C transaction is mainly made to look attractive and persuasive to push the conversion.
3. Checkout intricacies
To encourage B2C conversions, you want to make the checkout process as simple and pain-free as possible. Any additional steps can result in abandoned carts, the bane of today’s e-commerce teams. B2B checkouts might as well include all those extra steps to accommodate the added complexity of business-to-business transactions.
The B2B market will take up a larger portion of your O2C activity, while the B2C market can be more complicated to work with.
What’s involved in the O2C process?

We typically consider sales and marketing to be the steps preceding O2C as you attempt to push for conversions from potential buyers, but these efforts are not entirely absent from the O2C process either.
Similarly, even after the order is fulfilled, businesses still continue to record the activity and find new ways to optimize the procedure. These steps are also considered part of order-to-cash.
We will go into detail regarding every step of order-to-cash later on. For now, think of O2C as an umbrella term for order management, credit checks, invoicing, shipping, payment, accounting, debt collection, and other actions related to the fulfillment process.
What about B2B?

Business-to-business refers to the business relationship between companies, for example when a company provides products, services, or both to another company in exchange for money. The customer involved is always another legal entity, organization, company, governmental organization, or NGO.
This is the case for business-to-business (B2B) payments; for example:
- Ein Unternehmen abonniert eine App eines Internet-Start-ups.
- Ein Krankenhaus, das bei einem Drittanbieter professionelle Schulungsdienste bestellt.
- Ein Laptop-Hersteller kauft Komponenten wie Displays oder CPUs.
B2B vs. B2C
B2B typically involves larger cash amounts and may be, but not always, more logistically complex compared to B2C (business-to-customer). The result is a generally longer, slower process as more verifications and decisions must be made throughout.
Thanks to the rise of the “as a Service” economy, B2B transactions are likely to increase greatly in the coming years.
Why does order-to-cash matter?
It should be clear as to why order-to-cash deserves attention. It directly contributes to your bottom line, whether you are selling to customers or obtaining invoices for a major purchase from another business.
By taking action regarding your order-to-cash process, you also put yourself in a position to adopt new technologies and trends that will put you ahead of the competition. For instance, roughly a quarter of B2B payments are still made by paper check rather than electronically, which leaves plenty of room for process optimization.
The benefits of optimizing O2C include:
Better financial records
Order-to-cash directly contributes to the way you manage your cash flow. Making sure money is flowing where it needs to is important to avoid delays while ensuring solvency.
Impact on other parts of the company
The order-to-cash process impacts other aspects of the business, from inventory management to the supply chain. If there’s a bottleneck somewhere, its effects will be felt everywhere.
General management
A business with proper O2C procedures is likely to do well in other important aspects of running the company like sales, fulfillment, shipping, and accounting.
The types of B2B payments
The exact payment methods used in these transactions depend on what the suppliers prefer, but the following are some general types. B2B is not as straightforward as B2C, as most of us rely entirely on credit cards or cash whenever we go to a store.

Invoices are the most common transactional document used by sellers. Invoices define the specifics of a transaction, including date of sale, the invoice number, both the supplier and customers full name, address, VAT identifiers, the quantity, description, price, and payment terms for the goods and services, and more.
Learn more about the basics of invoices here
How are B2B invoices paid?
Invoices can be paid through a variety of methods. Here are a few of the most common options:
Cash
Bargeld ist heutzutage ziemlich unüblich, egal ob wir über B2B oder B2C sprechen. Es ist nicht immer bequem, so viel Bargeld auf einmal zur Hand zu haben, und Sie müssen sich in der Nähe Ihres Lieferanten befinden, damit die Transaktion durchgeführt werden kann. Bargeld hat auch einige Sicherheitsprobleme, wenn Sie es mit der Post versenden. Erwarten Sie nicht, dass dies auf dem heutigen Markt eine Rolle spielt.
Check
Just like cash, paper checks have the usual inconvenience and risk of cash. Similarly, processing checks is error-prone and time-consuming. Checks now account for just 26% of B2B payments, down from 81% two decades ago, and the method is rapidly losing traction in favor of digital options.
Wire transfer
Wire transfers have one of the fastest processing times of any B2B payment method, as the funds can generally be used by the receiving party within 24 hours. Wire transfers can be costly to complete, but are ideal for international payments.
Automated Clearing House (ACH)
ACH ist ein Verfahren, bei dem Geld direkt von einem Bankkonto auf ein anderes überwiesen wird. Wegen des hohen Papieraufwands wird diese Methode wahrscheinlich nicht für einmalige Käufe verwendet, aber sie eignet sich hervorragend für wiederkehrende Zahlungen. Das heißt, es geht relativ schnell und ist mit geringen Gebühren verbunden. Bedenken Sie jedoch, dass es nur in den Vereinigten Staaten verfügbar ist und schwer rückgängig zu machen sein kann, wenn Sie einen Fehler machen. Außerdem gibt es Bedenken hinsichtlich des Datenschutzes, da Sie Ihre Kontodaten angeben müssen, damit die Zahlung erfolgen kann.
Virtuelle Karten
Credit cards and ACH are already some examples of electronic payments, but another that’s gaining attention in the B2B space is the virtual card. It’s generally free of fees, fast to use, and secure. Expect to see it in the near future for business transactions. As with any credit card, one of the main downsides is the processing fees.
Traditional payment gateways
Einige Dienstleister fungieren als Vermittler zwischen dem Absender und dem Empfänger des Geldes. Der Anbieter des Gateways sammelt das Geld ein und zahlt es sicher am Zielort ein. Ein bekanntes Beispiel, das Sie vielleicht kennen, ist Stripe. Zahlungs-Gateways können sowohl für einmalige als auch für wiederkehrende Transaktionen verwendet werden. Sie sollten jedoch bedenken, dass Sie sich bei der Nutzung eines solchen Gateways auf das Fachwissen des Anbieters verlassen.
B2B payment gateways
Payment solutions optimized for business customers, with capabilities to send invoices in various formats upon checkout. Authentication of customers can be managed via integrated workflow apps or mandatory accounts with secure log-ins.
Qvalia Autobilling – a B2B payment gateway optimized for e-commerce
A quick breakdown of the order-to-cash process
Der Prozess von order-to-cash kann in die folgenden allgemeinen Schritte unterteilt werden: Auftragsmanagement, Kreditmanagement, Auftragsabwicklung, Versand, Rechnungsstellung, Debitorenbuchhaltung, Zahlungseinzug und Berichterstattung.

1. Order management
Der Prozess von order-to-cash beginnt mit der Bestellung des Kunden, die in Form eines Auftrags erfolgen kann:
- Emailing your sales team
- Calling a service representative
- Reaching checkout on an e-commerce website
Regardless, the order management phase begins here. Use automation to notify everyone involved about the order and the next steps for it. Only then can you ensure fast fulfillment and order accuracy. The result will ultimately be a satisfied customer and more revenue for you.
2. Credit management
Wenn es sich um den ersten Kauf für einen bestimmten Kunden handelt, könnte eine Kreditprüfung angebracht sein. Die Automatisierung kann dazu beitragen, den größten Teil der Arbeit zu erledigen, während die Finanzmitarbeiter alle Fälle abdecken können, die eine umfassendere Überwachung erfordern.
Das Kreditmanagement ist größtenteils die Aufgabe der Debitorenbuchhaltung, da es qualifizierten Kunden die Möglichkeit gibt, ihre Forderungen zu erfüllen, und gleichzeitig sicherstellt, dass Ihr Unternehmen nur dann Kredite vergibt, wenn dies erforderlich ist.
Automatisierungslösungen sind hier sinnvoll, um Aufzeichnungen in Echtzeit zu führen, wenn sie benötigt werden. Sie können auch dabei helfen, Ihre Aufträge zu digitalisieren, so dass die relevanten Details immer lesbar sind. Der traditionelle Weg über Papier kann zu Fehlern und Ineffizienz führen.
Wenn Sie einen Auftrag nicht ausführen können, benachrichtigen Sie den Kunden und stellen Sie eine Stornierung aus, um weitere Frustrationen bei der Rechnungsstellung zu vermeiden.
3. Fulfillment
Auf der Seite des Lieferanten ist es sinnvoll, eine ordnungsgemäße Bestandsverwaltung zu betreiben, damit Sie bei einer neuen Bestellung nicht ohne Vorrat dastehen.
4. Shipping
Die Versandphase von order-to-cash hängt stark von einer präzisen Logistik ab, um Zuverlässigkeit und Schnelligkeit zu gewährleisten. Versandzeiten und Abholtermine sind wichtig, um sicherzustellen, dass die Bestellungen ihre Kunden rechtzeitig erreichen.
5. Invoicing
Verzögerungen bei der Rechnungsstellung sind berüchtigt dafür, dass sie das Kundenerlebnis ruinieren. Verzögerungen und Ungenauigkeiten sind für alle Beteiligten unangenehm. Die Prüfung Ihres Rechnungsstellungsprozesses hilft Ihnen also, Ihren Cashflow zu planen und die Frustration Ihrer Kunden zu minimieren.
The rapidly accelerating shift from analog invoice formats to e-invoicing moves the paperwork into the digital workspace. By utilizing completely digital formats, and emerging exchange networks for business documents such as Peppol, the digital management provides greater efficiency and gives you more control over the content and accuracy of your invoices. The advantages of e-invoicing are numerous:
Faster payment
A buyer who receives an invoice must painstakingly route it through the approval process. E-invoicing enables a faster payment and thus better cash flow without missing a step of approval.
Lower costs
Better client satisfaction
With fewer late payments, rejected invoices, and general mistakes, a more efficient payment system results in a better customer experience that will have buyers coming back to you.
Einhaltung der Vorschriften
Thanks to better awareness and more controls over the whole process, e-invoicing helps your business stay compliant with regulatory demands regarding accounting and financial management.
6. Accounts receivable

Die Debitorenbuchhaltung ist dafür zuständig, ausstehende Rechnungen zu überwachen und auf Fehler zu reagieren, die die Zahlung verzögern könnten. Diese Mitarbeiter müssen in der Regel tief in die Daten des Systems order-to-cash eintauchen, damit sie so schnell wie möglich eine überarbeitete Rechnung ausstellen können.
Aus diesem Grund hat sich die Automatisierung der Rechnungsstellung durchgesetzt. Rechnungen erfordern eine notorische Menge an manueller Arbeit und Datenpunkten, einschließlich des Bestelldatums, der Versandzeiten, der Produktspezifika und anderer. Wenn Sie Ihre Mitarbeiter von dieser Arbeit entlasten, können Sie die Leistung erheblich verbessern.
Turn orders into revenue faster with automated order-to-cash
7. Payment collection
Wenn Ihre Debitorenbuchhaltung effizient genug ist, wird sie die Zahlungen von Kunden schnell genug verarbeiten, damit Ihr O2C-Prozess sie akzeptieren kann. Andernfalls riskieren Sie, dass es zu Reibereien mit Ihren Kunden kommt und Ihre Cashflow-Schätzungen auf lange Sicht durcheinander gebracht werden.
On the other side, you also have to plan for customers being late on their own payments. In this case, the system must automatically notify those clients if they attempt to make further purchases. Your finance teams must similarly review overdue payments and make decisions based on debt forecasts.
8. Factoring
Because invoices often have long payment terms that cause issues with cash flow, companies that sell in B2B markets consult with factoring companies. Factoring is the practice of buying up unpaid invoices at a discounted price so that the owner of the invoices gets the cash faster.
Once a factoring provider receives the invoice, that firm takes over the payment process for the invoice. Factoring makes sense when you’re okay with a lower amount as long as you receive it in a shorter time frame. In other words, you are accelerating cash flow by accepting the money before your client has finished paying off the invoice.
9. Reporting

Es ist wichtig, dass Sie wissen, was in Ihrem order-to-cash Prozess vor sich geht, denn so können Sie verstehen, wie sich diese finanziellen Aktivitäten auf den Rest Ihres Unternehmens auswirken:
- Beziehungen zu Lieferanten und Kunden
- Details zum Verkaufszyklus
- Die Qualität der Kundenbetreuung
- die Konsequenz, mit der Sie die Rechnungsstellung handhaben
Aus diesem Grund verfügen viele Softwareprogramme über integrierte Berichts- und Analysefunktionen. Order-to-cash ist ein stark vernetzter Prozess; ein verzögerter Schritt kann zu Problemen bei allen anderen führen. Die Geschäftsleitung nutzt oft Reporting-Tools, um die kleinen Probleme ausfindig zu machen und sie für ein besseres O2C im Allgemeinen zu lösen.
Wichtigste O2C-Leistungsindikatoren und -metriken

Businesses must frequently monitor all aspects of the order-to-cash process to make sure everything’s running properly and efficiently. There are several common metrics that experienced management teams look for in this regard.
Days sales outstanding (DSO)
Also known as DSO, the day’s sales outstanding metric shows us how long it takes for the business to receive the payment after a sale is made. Cash flow can be challenging to keep track of, and managers running the company on credit must know this figure to keep debt in check and track earnings accurately.

Revenue contribution
How much is the order-to-cash process contributing to the total revenue of the business? The higher this figure is, the more you are earning from selling products as opposed to other sources of income. Most management teams would obviously prefer to maximize this value, and it typically takes the form of a percentage of total revenue.
Employee full-time equivalent (FTE)
Full-time equivalent (FTE) is a measure of an employee’s workload. It matters for O2C because you want to know the individual productivity of each staff member related to sales.
If the workload is too high for the number of employees on site, then you have an indicator to assign more staff to that task. Likewise, you might want to drop some people if there are too many.
Die Messung von Vollzeitäquivalenten (FTE) ist eine Möglichkeit, Ihre Kosten jetzt zu optimieren und für die Zukunft zu planen, wenn Sie entscheiden müssen, wie viele Mitarbeiter Sie für ein späteres Projekt benötigen.
Reporting frequency
We’ve mentioned before that reporting and analytics matters in the order-to-cash process, whether we’re looking at the supply chain, the inventory management, the manufacturing, or the logistics.
Regular reports give you an up-to-date picture of how smoothly everything is running and allow you to track key performance indicators directly related to O2C.
Automation rate
Tying into the last point, it’s clear that O2C relies heavily on paperwork, data entry, and analytics. These three tasks are all much faster and more reliable on automated software-based solutions as opposed to traditional manual methods. Adopting automation allows you to increase your throughput, minimize delays, and lower the risk of error. It also often results in better analytics and reporting capabilities. So don’t neglect keeping track of your automation rate and automation potential.
Die Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung von O2C-Zahlungen
Order-to-cash is an essential process, but it’s not without its difficulties. B2B payments can be a hassle to file efficiently for several reasons.

Inefficient payment methods
We’re talking about paperwork. From checks to cash, the traditional methods of payment are just too slow for modern-day operations, yet they still make up 26% of all B2B transactions. Converting to digital is an inevitable change that will take some work to get going.
Manual work
Ein Großteil der Rechnungsstellung auf order-to-cash ist mit der Eingabe von Daten und Papierkram verbunden. Die Unternehmen haben Schwierigkeiten, diese Art von Aufgaben mit wichtigeren Arbeiten zu vereinbaren, die die Mitarbeiter sonst erledigen könnten. Ein Teil des Reizes der Finanzautomatisierung liegt darin, dass sie Zeit für andere Aufgaben wie die strategische Planung freisetzt.
Slow speed
Eine wichtige Folge der beiden oben genannten Probleme ist ein generell langsamerer O2C-Prozess. Wenn es Ihnen nicht gelingt, diesen Arbeitsablauf zu beschleunigen, laufen Sie Gefahr, in Verzögerungen zu geraten oder Frühzahlerrabatte nicht zu nutzen.
Payment lead time
Bei großen B2B-Transaktionen kann es manchmal ein paar Tage dauern, bis eine Bestellung aufgegeben wird und das Geld auf dem anderen Konto eingeht. Wie können Sie sicherstellen, dass Ihr Cashflow so eingerichtet ist, dass diese Vorlaufzeit eingehalten wird?
Overhead fees
A lot of payment methods require some type of added processing cost, which can add up especially when you have recurring payments. You will have to factor those in when doing your financial planning.
Security concerns
Protecting the sensitive data shared during a transaction matters, as you don’t want to lose the trust of your customers, merchants, or business partners.
Lack of data analytics
Die Verfolgung des Geldflusses ist wichtig, um den Überblick über Ihre Transaktionen zu behalten und potenzielle Fehler zu erkennen, doch viele Unternehmen verfügen nicht über entsprechende Systeme.
Insufficient support for e-commerce and retail
Invoicing software rarely include support for checkout solutions, and traditional payment gateways are, with few exceptions, not optimized for the needs of B2B transactions.
What’s the answer to these impending challenges facing the business sector today?
The role of technology in order-to-cash
A recurring theme of this guide is the role of automation in solving many of the issues companies today are experiencing with regards to the order-to-cash process.

Reducing costs
In addition to the reduced fees of using virtual cards, handling invoices through a B2B payment solution can result in several dollars saved each invoice. These amounts add up for companies managing a lot of orders.
Better performance
Automation always results in better efficiency, but don’t expect it to take over your employees’ jobs entirely. These solutions aim to supplement the workflow so that human staff can focus on more interesting, and value creating, parts of the job.
Reporting features
Having full visibility into the activities of accounts payable and receivable gives you more options for tracking down payment statuses, managing cash flow, and finding new ways to optimize the entire process.
Cybersecurity
The threat of cybercrime is always on our mind, but thankfully many O2C solutions have responded with their own built-in security features to protect against fraud, non-compliance, and other potential threats.
Optimal O2C management lies in having access and control over every step of the process at all times. You’ll also need all the extra tools like digital invoicing, support for e-commerce solutions, payment reconciliation, and automated shipping notifications. Only recently have dedicated financial platforms arisen to allow this type of management in today’s workflows.
Our takeaways
Order-to-cash includes all the activities, tools, and processes businesses undergo to fulfill an order from a customer. From initial purchase to delivery and the data analytics afterwards, there’s a lot that goes into this complex yet essential process.

Companies that master O2C often experience improved customer satisfaction due to fewer payment delays and setbacks. For instance, having a user-friendly B2B payment gateway in place like Qvalia’s Autobilling on your e-commerce website helps B2B customers place orders without any phone calls, expense reporting procedures, or credit cards. Fewer potential points of frustration mean better sales figures.
Automation has also helped a broad range of businesses achieve reliable O2C processes by eliminating menial tasks and facilitating comprehensive visibility, which in turn results in more ways to optimize B2B transactions.

Order-to-cash doesn’t have to be a headache for your teams or your clients. Our order-to-cash solution Autobilling with end-to-end automation includes all the features you need to digitize and streamline your sales transactions.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
What is order-to-cash (O2C)?
Order-to-cash is a subset of the overall sales process. It covers every step a business performs between a customer placing an order and the business receiving payment, including order management, credit checks, fulfillment, shipping, invoicing, accounts receivable, payment collection, and reporting.
What’s the difference between B2B and B2C payments?
B2C transactions are usually simple, single-tier, and rely heavily on credit cards or cash. B2B payments are more varied, involve larger cash amounts, and are typically slower and more logistically complex because they require more verifications and decisions throughout the process.
What are the main steps in the O2C process?
The order-to-cash process generally breaks down into order management, credit management, fulfillment, shipping, invoicing, accounts receivable, payment collection, factoring (when used), and reporting.
What is DSO (days sales outstanding)?
Days sales outstanding (DSO) measures how long it takes a business to receive payment after a sale is made. It’s a key cash-flow indicator, especially for companies running on credit, since it helps track debt and earnings accurately.
What are the most common B2B payment methods?
Common B2B payment methods include checks, wire transfers, automated clearing house (ACH) transfers, virtual cards, traditional payment gateways, and B2B-specific payment gateways. Digital methods are steadily replacing paper-based ones such as checks and cash.
How can automation improve order-to-cash?
Automation speeds up order management, credit checks, invoicing, and reporting while reducing manual data entry and paperwork errors. It typically results in faster payments, lower operating costs, better client satisfaction, and clearer visibility into cash flow across the whole O2C process.